While many people around the world may presume that the most dangerous aspect of a fireplace is the flames, smoke inhalation is often much more dangerous and life-threatening. Statistics from the United Kingdom Fire & Rescue Services stated that the foremost common explanation for fire deaths and injury between 2018 and 2019* was ‘being overcome by gas or smoke.’ That shows how daunting the issue can be, and that’s why smoke vents are so popular and necessary.
As a fireplace develops inside a building, it burns the oxygen within the air, removing most of the available oxygen as a part of ‘incomplete combustion’, which successively produces toxic and potentially deadly carbon monoxide gas. This is where lives are at great risk. When a fireplace ignites in an indoor space, the smoke rising from the hearth gets trapped by the ceiling, so it has nowhere to go but to circulate the room. It then begins to spread, forming an expanding layer that leaks into any gaps within the floors or walls. This will cause individuals to feel disorientated, with their vision becoming increasingly clouded, hindering a safe evacuation.
The installation of smoke vents in appropriate locations around a building will protect occupants within the event of a fireplace causing excessive smoke and noxious fumes. This issue subsequently reduces the danger of smoke inhalation, horizontal fire spread and secondary ignitions because the smoke is quickly exhausted, enabling fire-fighters to securely enter the building to tackle the blaze and building occupants to exit quickly.
Of course, smoke vents are very important for a number of other reasons. For example, they also provide suitable access to the building for the fire services, allowing emergency responders to deal with any issues as quickly and efficiently as possible. This does, however, depend on design of smoke vent. For example, a stairwell smoke ventilator is an automatic opening ventilator (AOV) which provides a minimum of 1.0m2 of free area when open. It always serves two main purposes;
- To evacuate any smoke that gets within the stairwell of small buildings
- Or more commonly it provides replacement air for a lobby smoke extract system in large buildings
There are two main sorts of smoke ventilators, used at the top of a stairwell – louvred vents and hatch vents. Both are ready to perform the expectations of an AOV, yet each has specific benefits which can influence the choice process, so this is why choosing the right design is essential. This will depend on your building and the room you have available, while you should read the requirements set out in your building plans.